WEEKS 12-13

Dear All!

We have been talking about 'preferences' in Unit 9
Look at the words and phrases below in 9a

analyze	Be based on	bombard	Conduct (an experiment)	conservative
countless	indicate	influence	initially	instinct
Limit (v)	mystery	No matter how	Pick=choose	Range (n)
selection	Spam e-mail	Take smt into consideration	tend	Be broke
Be on a tight budget	Be short of cash	beanbag	browse	Cheat sb out of smt
Cost a fortune	Game console	On sale	Out of stock	Refund (n)
sale	Shop around	shopaholic	Spare some cash	Special offer
Shortage box	That’s a steal	It’s a rip-off	If it were up to me..	It doesn’t matter
Money is no object	My first choice would be

Prefer / Would Prefer / Would Rather

Structures	Examples
Prefer + n (particular situation)	I prefer chocolate ice cream.
Prefer +-ing + to + -ing (general preference)	Ted prefers swimming to scuba diving.
Prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (general preference)	Mary prefers to travel by plane rather than (travel) by car.
Would prefer+ full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (preference in a particular situation)	I’d prefer to go out for dinner rather than stay home.
Would prefer (not)+ bare infinitive (preference in a particular situation)	I’d rather go to Ibiza this year
Would prefer+ bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive(general preference, preference in a particular situation)	He’d rather work overtime on weekdays than work on Saturdays

Infinitives

• to express purpose: 

eg: He called to tell me the news. (Why did he call?)

• after certain verbs: afford, agree, appear, arrange, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, try, want, would like, would love,....

eg: Laura needs to buy a car.

• after the objects of certain verbs: advise, allow, encourage, expect, invite, order, persuade, remind, teach, tell.,,,

eg: It was Glen who persuaded me to apply for this job.

• with 'too & enough'

eg: The soup is too hot to eat.
       She is old enough to live on her own.

• after the structure ' It+be+adjective'

eg: It's difficult to read your handwriting.

• after certain adjectives: afraid, surprised, free, happy, ready, sorry, pleased....

eg: At last he was free to do what he wanted.

• after verbs followed by a question word: who,what,which, where, how, but not why

eg: Have you decided where to go for your vacation?



Bare infinitive

• After modal verbs: can, could, will, would, should, may, might,  must

eg: Can you tell me what's wrong?

• After the verbs let and make

eg: Fay always makes me laugh.
      My brother doesn't let me drive his car.

• After would rather and had better

eg: I'd rather buy the red car.
      You'd better tell me the truth.

* help with a bare or full infinitive
eg: I always help my mother clean /to clean the house.


-ing form

• as the subject of a verb

eg: Fishing can be very relaxing.

• After certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, consider, continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, beging, imagine, practice, suggest, rist, spend (time)....

eg: Ken just finished washing the car.

• After certain expressions: don't mind, can't stand, be interested in, It's worth, How/What about...?, look forward to, be good at, can't help, feel like, there is no point in, it's no use, it's no good, be/get used to.,,,,,,

eg: Louise is interested in taking up a language course.

• After prepositions: for, of, about, without, etc.

eg: Helen is thinking of buying a new car.

• After the verb go to indicate physical activities.

eg: We go skiing every year.

* The verbs like, dislike, love, hate, start, begin, continue are followed by a full infinitive or an -ing form without any significance difference in meaning

eg: I like playing/ to play the guitar in the evening.

* The verbs remember and forget are followed  either by a full infinitive or an -ing form  with a different meaning.

remember / forget + ing is used when we refer to something that has already happened.

eg: I'll never forget meeting him.

remember / forget + full infinitive is used when we remember/forget something before doing it.

eg: Don't forget to lock the door.

Preferences from hacersivil

Loook at the words/ phrases in 9b reading text

accent	adore	amusing	Burst out laughing	Can’t be bothered
Case= container	Charge (a service)	combine	complaint	contract
disapprove	dishonest	disrespect	dissatisfied	endless
gag	hopeless	In stock	inflatable	Label (n)
misbehave	misinform	Mislead-misleading	misspell	misunderstand
overpriced	Play a joke on sb.	Plug (v)	Pop (out)	pretend
Set up	shipping	slight	Spray (n)	tricky
Try out	typewriter	wireless	worthless

Check the following affixes:

dis-  : it is used before adjectives, nouns, and verbs to give them the opposite meaning.
eg: dislike
mis- : it is used before verbs, it means to do something wrongly or badly.
eg: misunderstand
-less: it is used after a noun to form an adjective wgich meand without that quality or characteristic.
eg: careless

A good read	A page-turner	Account=story	author	autobiography
Award-winning	Be set in	bestseller	biography	chapter
character	classic	complicated	cookbook	Dull=boring
fantasy	fiction	Graphic novel	gripping	Hero-heroine
killer	murder	Non-fiction	ongoing	perfection
plot	poetry	predict	question	suspect
suspense	timeless	trilogy	Twist and turns	victim
vivid	It appeal to all ages	Make sure you get a copy	Overall, I found…	You will find it hard to put down